Tuesday, February 28, 2012

Nilanjana S Roy: Once upon a time in Delhi


If you were telling a story in the Cameroons, you might start with: “A fable! A fable! Bring it! Bring it!” Most Bengalis know the folktale riff on “Once upon a time”: “Once there was a king, once there was a queen….” Many tales begin with: “Once there was, once there wasn’t”. The older storytelling traditions may invoke a truly ancient past: “In the time when men and animals talked to one another….”

For the last seven years, Mahmood Farooqui and Danish Husain have begun their dastans with an ode to the cup-bearer, setting aside the minor impediment that their silver cups are often filled with nothing more exciting than water. The traditional invocation is as much part of their act as are the spotless white kurtas or the ancient story-cycles that they’ve recited from the steps of the Jama Masjid, the monuments of Old Delhi and, more prosaically, the auditorium stage at the India International Centre.

   The dastangos began their performances at an interesting point of time in Delhi’s history: the mushairas and sawal-jawab oral poetry baithaks had died out, replaced by the often grimly ritualistic evening of book readings. Few of the readings that were attended by growing numbers of aspiring writers and curious readers in the 2000s ever migrated out of the comfortably narrow confines of South Delhi. A handful of events were in Hindi or Urdu and the Sahitya Akademi did its best to bring in writers from across India.















But by the end of the decade, the Delhi book reading was like a burra khana for Indian English writers; an evening of chiefly ceremonial significance, as the writer Mukul Kesavan has remarked. Through dastangoi, the two performers brought back a much older tradition of storytelling.

Mahmood Farooqui is a historian with a background in theatre; Danish Husain is an actor and poet. It was in 2005 that Farooqui began to study the cultural history of the dastans, the storytellers who carried a library around in their heads. The first performances he did that year along with Himanshu Tyagi – Danish would join in later – were from the Tilism-e-Hoshruba, a magnificently fraudulent epic.

“Know then that from 1883-1893 in Lucknow, two rival storytellers, Syed Muhammad Hussein Jah and Ahmed Husain Qamar wrote a fantasy in the Urdu language whose equal has not been heard before or since,” writes Musharraf Ali Farooqi, writer and translator of the Hoshruba. The epic was 8,000 pages long, and was “a monstrously elaborate literary hoax”: it passed itself off as one of the great ancient story-cycles, perhaps even part of the legendary Adventures of Amir Hamza, but was actually the creation of a small group of storytellers in Lucknow.

They wove an indelible tale, one that was made to be told to a circle of awed listeners, and that was labyrinthine in its twists and turns. “These stories were here before Tolkien and – if we dare say so – are much better than Tolkien’s work,” boasts an online Urdu bookseller’s Hoshruba page.


Over their seven years of dastangoi, Danish Husain and Mahmood Farooqui have departed from the old classics – the Hoshruba or the tales of Amir Hamza – in order to experiment with newer works. Recently, they did a Dastaan-e-Sedition to protest the imprisonment of Dr Binayak Sen in Chhattisgarh.

To mark Rabindranath Tagore’s 150th birth anniversary, the two performers took up his revolutionary novel, Ghare Baire,exploring the separation between the home and the world, and, as they put it: “Vande kya hai, Mataram kya hai”. The two switch easily between the three roles — Sandip, the fiery revolutionary driven by greed, desire and patriotism; Nikhil, the temperate zamindar offering reasoned arguments against the excesses of nationalism; Bimala, Nikhil’s wife, stepping across many boundaries as she is seduced by the outside world and by Sandip’s many persuasions.
The performance, and their translation of Ghare Baire from Bengali into Urdu-studded Hindustani, is successful — as most of their performances have been. Danish Husain said once that the virtue of dastangoi also lay in its portability — the performance/readings could take place in auditoriums or at a bus stop.

After the show, Mahmood says: “The old stories are the stuff that we live for.” The “modern” stories, based on novels that so closely mirror contemporary concerns, are easier for the performer to feel; but the old story-cycles promise a more ancient connection. It’s what the translator of the Hoshruba, Musharraf Farooqi, means when he says his role is to “beat the kettledrums”.

“What dastangoi is about,” says Mahmood Farooqui, “is a combination of four things — Urdu, theatre, performance, literature. People who do theatre in India often feel the burden of having to do something worthy, relevant, serious. But eventually, it’s about telling a good story. It’s meant to entertain.” The storytellers of Delhi are done, until the next performance. As the traditional Russian closing has it: “The story is over, I can’t lie any more.”

source: http://www.Business-Standard.com / Home> Opinion & Analysis / Nilanjana S Roy / New Delhi Feb 28, 2012

Sunday, February 26, 2012

Three-Day International Seminar on “Naziri Nishapuri” – A Renowned Persian Poet of Mughal Period at Jamia

New Delhi:


The Department of Persian, Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) is organizing a three-day International Seminar on "Naziri Nishapuri", who is a renowned Persian poet of Mughal Period from 27-29 February 2012.
 
The Inaugural Session of the Seminar will begin at 3.00 PM on February 27, 2012 in the Conference Hall of India Arab Culture Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia.
 
The seminar will be formally inaugurated by Prof. S.M. Azizuddin Husain, Dean, Faculty of Humanities & Languages, Jamia Millia Islamia and deliver his Inaugural Address.
 
Prof. Sharif Husain Qasemi, Secretary, All India Persian Scholars Association will deliver the Keynote Address on this occasion.
 
The Seminar shall be presided over by Prof. Akhtarul Wasey, Vice-Chairman, Delhi Urdu Academy, Delhi.
 
His Excellency Syed Mahdi Nabizadeh, Ambassador, Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, New Delhi and His Excellency Mr. Saidbeg Saidov, Ambassador, Embassy of Tajikistan, New Delhi shall be the Chief Guests in the Inaugural Session.
 
Dr. Ali Dehgahi, Director, Iran Culture House, New Delhi and Dr. Bashir Ahmad Shabir, Cultural Counselor, Embassy of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, New Delhi will be the Guest of Honour on this occasion.
 
The Valedictory Session will begin at 4.30 PM on February 29, 2012. The Valedictory Session shall be presided over by Hon.'ble Dr. M. Mossein Karim, Counselor Science, Technology and Education India & Subcontinent, Embassy of Islamic Republic of Iran, New Delhi.
 
Prof. Raza Mustafvi Sabzwari, Allama Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran will deliver Valedictory Address.
 
Prof. Hakima Dabeeran, PVC, University of Teachers Training, Tehran, Iran and Dr. Ali Reza Ghazve, Director, Markaz-e-Tehqiqat, Iran Culture House, New Delhi will be the Chief Guests of the Valedictory Session.
 
The seminar will be attended by the academicians, research scholars, bureaucrats from  various Universities, Embassies, 


source: http:// www.indiaeducationdiary.in / Friday, February 24th, 2012

Saturday, February 18, 2012

Kuvempu in Urdu


Bansuri is a collection of 100 poems by Kuvempu which have been translated into Urdu by Shaad Bagalkote

Urdu is one of the most lyrical languages on Earth. When you speak Urdu, it is like reciting poetry. Listening to Urdu poetry transports one to an imaginary world and the ‘wah, wah’ that follows with every line seems like a reflex action. Sit in a mushaira and you will see the effect. But this can also be a limitation to Urdu poetry. Though contemporary Urdu poetry does talk about present day affairs, somehow it inevitably tends to make it ‘romantic’. Even harsh realities sound very ‘poetic’ and one ‘enjoys’ them rather than get angry and frustrated at what is being portrayed. The path of Urdu poetry is more subtle and indirect and hence, more effective at a very personal level. 

Now to read Kannada poet Kuvempu in Urdu is very interesting. Shaad Bagalkote has translated 100 poems of Kuvempu and the Karnataka Urdu Academy has published the collection. 

Shaad Bagalkote shares his thoughts: “I titled the collection Bansuri because Kuvempu’s first collection was called Kolalu. I have selected 100 poems randomly from his collections. It all started when I read Kuvempu’s poems and felt he was very much like the Urdu poet Joshmalli Abadi whom I like a lot. The use of language is very similar and I felt Kuvempu could read very well in Urdu and I tried my hand at it. Being an Urdu poet and having published two collections – Dohanjali and Dohayan, it wasn't that difficult. I translated 50 poems and some of my friends liked them very much. I come from Shiralkoppa which is a very small place and you don’t find much cultural activities happening there. During the Kuvempu Centenary in 2004, I approached the Kuvempu University and asked if they were interested in publishing it. After discussions, I was told that they are interested to publish it provided I share 50 per cent of the cost. It was not possible as I am a retired Hindi teacher and I could not spare that kind of money and I took back my manuscript.
From left: Dr. Mumtaz Ahmed Khan, Hafiz Karnataki, Zameer Pasha, Maqbool Ahmed and Translator Shaad Bagalkote

“Incidentally in 2002, I had translated 100 vachanas by Akka Mahadevi and the Karnataka Urdu Academy published it. This prompted the Basava Samithi in Bangalore to assign me to translate another 150 vachanas as a part of their project to translate 2500 vachanas of all Sharanas into 9 languages. I got busy with that. When I met Amjad Hussain Hafiz Karnataki, President, KUA, and mentioned about the 50 poems of Kuvempu that I had translated, he immediately said, ‘Make it 100 and we will publish’. That is how the collection happened.” The book runs into 340 pages, contains 100 poems and is priced at Rs 300.


It is not easy to translate Kuvempu’s poems as the language is very poetic and sometimes needs interpretations to understand. How could Shaad translate it so effortlessly? Shaad says, “Kuvempu is called Rasarishi, a nature poet and indeed it is difficult to  translate him. In fact, I had to recreate his poems. There is a proverb in Persian ‘Shayaree zuz vey paigambari asth’. It means poetry is one part of Paigambar. Hence, a poet is one who has divine blessing. Kuvempu is one such poet. When he describes nature, you can actually feel it before you, you visualise what he is talking about. In Urdu, there are Tagazhul poems with the characteristics of a ghazal. Kuvempu is full of it. For instance, there is a ghazal by Ghalib that reads like this:

Tum mere pas hoteho goya
Jab koi dusra nahi hota 
(When you are near me
None will be near me)
It has a duel meaning - romantic as well as philosophical as 'goya' means ‘to talk’ as well as ‘means’.
Now look at one of Kuvempu’s poems: 
Neenanna baliyiralu jaga tumbi tulukuvudu
Neenu hodare dura shunyavaguvudu
Nee nanna jeevanada sarvasvavagiruve
O nanna priya mooruti edege baarai
I translated it as
Tum pas mere jab hote ho pur khaif ye duniya lagti hai
Tum door chale jaate ho jab tab khali khali lagta hai
Meri zeest ki raunak tum se hai
Mere pyar ki moorat dil me raho

Kuvempu is more successful as a prose writer than a poet. I prompt him by asking if Shaad Bagalkote wants to translate his novels. Shaad says, “No. I am a poetry person. I am currently translating Purandara Dasa’s keertane.”
We are all curious to see the result because Kannada writing is getting translated to far away European languages and it took such a long time to come into Urdu. KUA plans to translate works of Kannada’s great litterateurs such as Purandaradasa, Kanakadasa and Valmiki into Urdu.

source: http://www.BangaloreMirror.com / Bangalore / Home> Entertainment> Lounge> Story / by Prathibha Nandakumar /  Saturday, January 14th, 2012

Thursday, February 16, 2012

Mughal era archival text to be released

New Delhi:
The process of archiving ancient Islamic manuscripts will get a boost as a comprehensive publication, listing important documents collected by Indian vice-president M. Hamid Ansari will be released by the National Archives Feb 16, the culture ministry said Wednesday.

The documents include a Persian translation of the "Mahabharata", commissioned by emperor Akbar under the supervision of Abul Fazl, a noble in Akbar's court.

The National Archives of India has been regularly acquiring manuscripts of historical value since 1957. The endeavour has resulted in the acquisition of thousands of old manuscripts in Turkish, Urdu, Persian and Arabic languages.

The government has been cataloguing the manuscripts for use by academicians and in course has published seven volumes.

The Iran Culture House in the capital has extended its technical support to digitise manuscripts available in two collections in the Oriental Division of National Archives of India. These catalogues listing the publications have been translated in Persian and published in English as well as in Persian.

The catalogues comprise more than 190 manuscripts which throw light on the oriental life and culture, covering different faiths and religions.

It has been classified in five groups - religion, history, language, literature and general - for the convenience of the users.

Besides the Persian "Mahabharata", the documents in the catalogue include "Su' al-o-Jawab-i-Dara Shikoh Wa Baba Lal", a treatise containing the conversation between prince Dara Shikoh and Baba Lal Das of Kaithal on the life and doctrines of Hindu "faqirs" and "Kashf al-Mahjub", the oldest systematic work on the theoretical and practical doctrines of Sufism by Abul Hasan Ali bin Uthman bin Ali al-Hujwiri.

The section on history covers "Tawarikh-i-Firuz Shahi" by Shams-i-Siraj Afif, "Akbarnama" and "Ain-i-Akbari" by Abul Fazal, "Majmu'a-i-Khuwrrami" or "Shah Jahan Nama" by Bahadur Singh, "Shash Fath-i-Qala-i-Kangra" by Jalalai Tababtabai, "Maathir-i-Alamgiri" by Muhammad Saqi Mustaid Khan and Mirza Sangi Beg's "Sair-al-Manazil", which is a topographical account of the principal buildings of Shahjahanabad and Old Delhi, a statement from the culture ministry said.


source: http://www.Ummid.com / Home> National / IANS / Wednesday, February 15th, 2012

Remembering Shahryar (1936-2012)


By Mohammad Sajjad,
To pen down in memory of somebody who kept me so dear to himself is too difficult a task. I am choked with emotions too deeply, even though we knew it for the last so many months that the cruel hands of the greatest truth called DEATH is going to snatch him away from us.
Munhasar marney pe ho jis ki ummeed
Naa ummeedi us ki dekha chahiye (Ghalib)
My friend, Syed Ekram Rizwi, devastated with the news of Shahryar’s death, called me saying, ‘only dust is left in Aligarh now’
hadd-e-nigaah tak yahan ghubaar hi ghubaar hai
While joining the namaaz-e-janazah at the AMU Graveyard [Minto E], I could recall what he had said few years back, when he was about to retire from the services as professor of AMU. He was living in the type ‘A’ quarters of AMU which is located just across the graveyard separated by the ‘Gulistan-Syed’ which was then a desert-like field. Somebody reminded him, ‘Sir, you will now have to quit the university quarters and you are yet to have a house of your own’. To this, pointing his fingers towards Gulistan-e-Syed, in his characteristic way, Shahryar sb told very casually, ‘ab makaan wakaan kya banana, ab to sirf yeh maidan paar karna hai.’



He had also composed a poem,Ghar ki Taameer tasawwur hi mein ho sakti hai, apnay naqshay ke mutabiq yeh zamin kuchh kam hai.
When I had come to Aligarh as a student, I was already some sort of a fan of Shahryar, the poet who composed beautiful songs for a marvelous film of Muzaffar Ali, Umrao Jaan. I was dying to see him, and when I saw him on a 50 cc moped Hero Majestic, the naive, innocent student in me was stuck with his simplicity that in contrast with the ‘professors’ I was familiar with [before
coming to Aligarh] were riding Bajaj scooters or Rajdoot motorcycles of 150 cc, if not cars. The ‘film’ of Shahryar, moving on that moped, remains preserved in my memory, quite indelibly.
In the last 12-13 years, he had made me become much closer to him, sharing too many things about the culture and politics of AMU, about some interesting persons of the campus and also about so many other things. By late 1990s, we had started feeling much agitated about certain aspects of AMU. In order to comprehend these, we started looking into history of AMU; in order to share our feelings we resorted to pamphleteering which was also a kind of catharsis. In this way we came across one of his poems,
‘Muslim University ki Fariyaad’
Mujawiron ki
bheerh ney
Mujhey phir ek
qabr mein badal diya
Main keh raha
der sey
Main zinda hoon
Meri sada mein
baaz gasht kyon nahi
Merey khuda
Mujhey sazaein
jitni de
Pe yun nahin
This particular poem further increased our appetite to get closer to him in order to have more frequent longer sessions of conversations with him; he used to offer us too much of cold drinks, which was an added incentive. He however remained reluctant about sharing his feelings/observations which moved him to the extent of making him compose this kind of poem, which is his angst against the deeply entrenched vested interests of his alma mater. When we shared that his poem has been used in one of our pamphlets, he seemed glad about it but simultaneously expressed his mild disapproval, then he went on to say with a lovely smile, ‘aap log to hamari nazm ka siyasi istemaal kar key mujhey merey apnon se door karna chahtey hain, aap ke liye apney idaray mein khushgawaar tabdiliyan aham hain, hamarey liye to merey zaati taaluqaat aham hain, khwah woh ‘un mujawiron ki bheerh’ hi mein kyon na hon.[you people are making political use of my poem and thereby you intend to create gulf between me and my acquaintances, for you more important is to bring about pleasant changes on the campus, for me more important is continuing good relations with the people, howsoever they might be the vested interests spoiling AMU].
We recalled his lines,
Tujh ko ruswa na kiya khud bhi pashemaan na huey
Ishq ki rasm ko is taraha nibhaya ham ney
He would then ask us to be a bit pragmatic, by exercising certain degree of restraint in our pamphlets. Simultaneously he would also add, betey inhin kaawishon se likhna parhna aur duniya ko samajhna bhi seekh paogey, halaan ki aisi targheeb de kar main tum baaghi naujawanon ki tez dhaar ko kund karney ka gunaah bhi kar raha hoon [My son, with such efforts you would grow intellectually and also become worldly wise, however by asking you to be moderate I am also committing the crime of blunting the edge of the productive rebellion in youth]. He would further say, ‘I am no pessimist, yet I must say that you and your friends were engaged in letting flowers blossom in the desert of AMU, it was an exercise in futility, yet, this was undoubtedly an exercise worth doing at least for sometime in the prime of youth’.
He would often share, ‘in AMU, those who are today expressing their grievances against infirmities of Indian secularism, are/ were the worst kind of communalists’, while saying so he was also equally critical of the ‘progressives’ and Leftists of the campus. According to him, quite a lot of such ‘progressives’, have also degenerated into ‘vested interests’, i.e.‘mujawiron ki bheerh’, who have turned AMU into a qabr, deadplace.
Having heard such remarks from him more than once, I once mustered the courage of submitting a request to him: ‘kindly write down your memoir’. For sometime he prevaricated on the issue and maintained silence or gently pushed it aside by bringing in other subjects. As I persisted with this demand for too long then he passed a highly pertinent remark, ‘betey, khudnawisht to bahadur log likhtey hain jin ke andar apney gunahon ka aitraaf karney aur sach likhney ki jasaarat ho, aur main to nihayat buz dil insaan hoon’ [my son, autobiographies can be written only by the brave people; those who have the guts of confessing their follies and have the courage of speaking truth; I am too timid a person].
Later on he elaborated upon it and said that if he had to write his autobiography he will end up antagonizing too many people close to him, and that was, by his own admission, quite unaffordable for him. He however later on composed a poem with this line:
Buz dil honey ka khamiyazah sapney mein bhi bhugta hai
He then gifted me Wahab Ashrafi’s autobiography, Qissa Be-samt Zindagi Ka, and said, ‘you should appreciate one good thing about this autobiography that the author has made frank confession of the indignities he inflicted upon himself just in greed of a position [jaah-o-martaba ki lalach], Chairman, Universities Service Commission’.
Once I wanted to know his views/observations about anti-Bihari prejudices among some sections of AMU-ites. I thought this particular query of mine would be quite provocative. But that was not the case. He narrated, ‘you see, the Muslims of UP, particularly the decadent feudal elites, take pride in their chaste Urdu, which they are abandoning or unlearning for whatever reasons, as against it, the Muslim students, coming from Bihar as well as from eastern UP, are generally well versed in Urdu, with appreciable degree of interests in creative literature, regardless of their preferred disciplines of studies’. He would then add with a smile, bordering on laughter, meri beti ney to shaadi ke liye ek Bihari ko hi pasand kiya, aur Patna ke hukkaaam aur siyasatdanon se lekar Bihar ke adab dost log to mujh se itni zyada mohabbat kartey hain ki agar sachai kuchh aur bhi hoti to main Bihariyon ki himayat mein hi kharha rehta, itni dayanatdaari ki tawaqqo to mujh se rakh hi saktey ho.
In 2009, in the Wisconsin (USA) journal, Annual of Urdu Studies, I published a long essay on a novel dealing with naxalism in Bihar. This was an outcome mainly of his persuasion. As said earlier, most often, he disliked the idea of talking about his own poetry, and in order to push it aside he used to bring in other issues. This is how he enquired about my opinion on the origin, development and trajectory of the naxalite movement in Bihar. After listening to me, he asked whether I had readDhamak, an Urdu novel by Abdus Samad, as my answer was in affirmative he immediately sort of issued a command to write something on this. I gladly abided by it and having taken help of few more well-wishers, when finally I showed him the published version of the print, he was very happy to see it. As he saw his name acknowledged by me in the essay, he became dismissive about his role in prompting me to do the job. Then he went through my essay on (under)depiction of 1857 in the fiction of Qurratulain Hyder which I had presented in a seminar in BHU (now published in a volume edited by Rakhshanda Jalil); he asked me to render it in Urdu and sent it to Humayun Zafar Zaidi to publish it in a volume edited by him, and published by the Maktaba Jamia. The academic-literary world of Urdu in India is said to be bitterly divided between two groups, Shamsur Rahman Faruqi and Gopi Chand Narang. Shahryar sb was dear to both. Only a lovely person like him could manage such things so beautifully.
In one such sessions of conversation, I took the liberty of knowing his assessment of the better known ‘communists’ of AMU. Having said few good things about them, he shared few confidential anecdotes, taking my strong assurance that I won’t be writing it till he is alive. He said, ‘I am making a confession that I have partly contributed in getting a recruitment of an ineligible candidate as Reader, approved by an Executive Council (EC) member, who was a Dean as well [the member, a renowned academic, is no more now]. I was persuaded by my teacher, the renowned scholar, to persuade an EC member close to me, to do the favour in the EC meeting, I requested the EC member; with lot of reluctance, he finally agreed to oblige me only by remaining silent on, rather than opposing, the recruitment’. That Reader became Professor and then Chairman, but he never made even a courtesy call [to Shahryar sb]. He became too belligerent against the renowned scholar as well who had curried all these favours for him from these people sullying his own image. Then Shahryar sb became fairly explicit about the moral of the story. He said, ‘my son! Here is a lesson for you. Never ever extend such outrageous favours to incompetent people in academia, such people turn very badly unfaithful to their benefactors’. While narrating this painful anecdote, Shahryar sb was visibly uncomfortable with the discourtesy/perfidy of the Reader who also became Professor and then Chairman of a very prestigious Department.
We had heard a lot [and read] about the angst of Rahi Masoom Raza against few people of AMU. We therefore remained curious about knowing the version of Shahryar sb. He was generous enough, and had enough love for me to have granted this much liberty to me and have shared such things. He said that Rahi had some grievances against him also. The reason was: in one of the selection committees for the position of lecturer (temporary), Rahi did not turn up for interview, whereas Shahryar was called at eleventh hour by the Dean and was selected. Rahi did not turn up, as he was told that Shahryar has been called specially by the Dean; that the ‘match’ was already ‘fixed’, and therefore there was no point in appearing before the Selection Committee. Fact of the matter, as shared with me by Shahryar was that one more vacancy had emerged, and therefore there was absolutely no question of substituting Rahi with Shahryar. But given the temperament of Rahi, he never believed this version and nursed the grievances against the ‘system’ (Dean) as well as against the ‘rival candidate’ (Shahryar); in fact Rahi never even allowed anybody to explain the matter. Shahryar was sad about this, but he could not do anything; he was particularly angry with one of the ‘friends’ common to both Shahryar and Rahi, who rather than helping reduce the tension, he kept working towards widening the gulf between the two. Shahryar valued personal relations to great extent, yet he suffered the pain of losing relationship.
Probably because of having undergone these experiences, he composed this:
Kabhi kisi ko mukammal jahan nahin milta
Kahin zameen to kahin aasmaan nahin milta
He often used to call me at his flat in the Safeena Apartment to have long casual chats. Not long ago, he asked me to provide him with biographical accounts of Nur Jahan, the Mughal Empress, but the condition put by him was that it should have some illustrative photographs.
The purpose was: his good friend Muzaffar Ali was contemplating the idea of making a film on the subject, and Shahryar was supposed to compose lyrics for the film. I told him that he had got so many good friends who are big and highly accomplished historians of Medieval Indian History, and it was therefore strange to turn towards me, a semi-literate student of the history of Medieval India. He said, ‘I don’t have to read serious details of the history of Nur Jahan, I only have to scan through some anecdotes, some photographs which should help me create lyrics for the film’. It was, in fact, merely his tremendous love and affection for me that he indulged me too much. Very affectionately, he would always instruct me to keep producing researches, staying away from the ‘bitter factionalism’ within my Department.
His passing away is a terrible personal loss for me.
---
Mohammad Sajjad is Assistant Professor at Centre of Advanced Study in History, Aligarh Muslim University.
source: http://www.TwoCircles.net / February 16th, 2011

Monday, February 6, 2012

Firaq Gorakhpuri - Ghazal’s avant-garde poet


Firaq Gorakhpuri  - Ghazal’s avant-garde poet

Raghupati Shahia, popular known as Firaq Gorakhpuri (1896-1982), is a renowned Urdu poet and critic, whose prolific works spanning over more than half a century left deep imprints on Urdu literature. He is credited for introducing a modern sensibility in the poetic tradition and inspired a whole lot of younger generation.

In the early 1990s, Dr Nawazish Ali did his PhD thesis on Firaq’s life and art under the supervision of Dr Sohail Ahmad Khan, which has now been published as a book. Firaq Gorakhpuri : Shakhsiat Aur Fun is significant as Firaq’s works have been out of print for some time, and there is no other book available in the market reviewing his achievements.

The book gives a detailed account of Firaq’s life, family history and a sketch of his personality, citing written sources and some details obtained from the interviews of his friends and family members the writer conducted during his visit to India in 1988. Firaq’s unhappy relationship with his wife, Kishori Devi, is well known in literary circles, but Nawazish Ali took pains to dig out more details on their unhappy marriage. We come to know that Firaq’s father, Ibrat Gorakhpuri, was also an Urdu poet, whose works served as an initial inspiration for Firaq’s poetry that began in 1919. He was a pupil of the poet Wasim Khairabadi who came from the tradition of Amir Minai.

The book’s real value lies in the critical evaluation of Firaq’s poetry. Ali writes that Firaq’s ghazal is a rare and creative juxtaposition of different trends found in Urdu, English, Persian and Hindi poetry. In one chapter, covering nearly 150 pages, Ali traces the influences of classical Urdu poets, like Mir, Dagh, Amir Minai, and Momin on Firaq’ ghazal and afterwards his own contribution to this genre. In fact, Firaq’s style kept changing and he imbibed influences of many other classical poets. He was also associated with Progressive Writers Association since its beginning and wrote some poems under its influence.

Although Firaq started his poetic career in 1919, he came to be widely recognised in 1937 when Niaz Fatehpuri wrote an essay on his poetry in the annual issue of the noted literary magazine, Nigar. In 1941, the same magazine published Firaq’s poetic works. In 1945, Nia Idara, Lahore published the first anthology of his poetry, Shola Saz. By that time, Firaq was one of the most influential literary figures. He inspired a whole generation of new poets that surfaced during the late 1940s and the 1950s. Ali writes: “The new generation of Urdu poets has learnt a lot from Firaq. No other contemporary of Firaq influenced more the poets representing modern ghazal than did he alone. Firaq’s ghazal is the avant-garde of modern ghazal.”

In 1965, Urdu’s distinguished scholar and critic Rasheed Ahmad Siddiqui had also written that “Firaq’s contribution will be very important in whatever form the Urdu ghazal acquires in the future.”

Nawazish Ali has given scores of examples to prove Firaq’s influence over the poetry of Nasir Kazmi, Khalilur Rehman Azmi, Ahmed Mushtaq, Saleem Ahmad, Aziz Hamid Madni, Aslam Ansari, Ubaidullah Aleem and Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi.
The writer says Firaq is neither a wholly traditional poet nor modern. Instead, he says, if we evaluate Firaq in the period of Hasrat, Asghar, Fani and Yagana, he emerges as a modern poet. “Firaq’s ghazal was modern in that it represented the tone and sensibility of his times, while showing sensitivity to the classical expressions as well. Firaq enabled ghazal’s creative tradition to imbibe modern sensibility of the contemporary world.” At a time, when his contemporaries were following the traditional themes, in Firaq’s ghazal, we encounter a new man who ponders over universe afresh and tackles the issues of modern thought and a changed attitude towards romantic relationship.

Although physical beauty and love are dominant subjects of Firaq’s ghazal, his lyrics encompass such thoughts, emotions and themes which had not been represented in the old classical ghazal before him. In the words of scholar Ali Jawad Zaidi, the entire field of human yearning and suffering forms his canvas. Firaq’s art is also distinct in his portrayal of mood and external settings and atmosphere — the qualities that lacked in Urdu lyrics and which he might have learnt from English literature of which he was a teacher at the Allahabad University.

One major distinction of Firaq’s verse is his creative use of Hindi words thanks to his intimate knowledge of Hindi language and literature, which added a new colour to Urdu poetry. The Indian culture and the spirit of Indian civilization seek expression particularly in his rub’ais, writes Nawazish Ali. A married woman’s charms, a woman’s love for her family, romance of the married life and colourful pictures of husband-wife’s relationship are the dominant themes of his rub’ais. The author says the use of Hindi and Sanksrit words in his rub’ais have created a magical effect in these verses; Firaq has portrayed the physical charms of the beloved in such detail that the poetry appears to be painting. A chapter deals with the poems of Firaq and their critical evaluation. His two poems, “Aadhi Raat” and “Parchain” have been mentioned as a great contribution to the genre of Urdu poem.

Nawazish Ali’s thesis summarises and compiles other critics’ work on Firaq which are spread over hundreds of books and literary journals.
source: http://www.KashmirMonitor.org / by Adnan Adil / February 05th, 2012

Use of Urdu In FIRs Baffles Courts, commoners

Chandigarh:
 Sounds like a line from a ghazal? It's something more prosaic-these lines are a part of an FIR at a police station in Panchkula district. It means: At this time, the police station's daily diary register number 2 records that the complainant was present at the police post, got his complaint registered, the details of which are as under..." 

A heavy spattering of Urdu and Persian, remnant of the days of pre-Independence undivided Punjab, in FIRs and daily diary reports (DDRs) by the Haryana Police have left not only the common man but also judges baffled as they scurry to decipher the text. 

The practice continues despite policemen being told way back in 2005 by the then DGP to use Hindi while writing FIRs, reports of cases, investigation and research reports on disputes. Even judges in various Haryana districts have time and again asked the police to use simple Hindi. Munshis, who pen reports in police stations, have not changed their ways over the years and sources say, even the young ones who join learn from their seniors and continue the practice. 

"Over the years, policemen simply follow set precedents as they do not wish to make an effort at simplifying things. The words are picked up from earlier FIRs and they become a part of a munshi's vocabulary," said professor of linguistics at Panjan University, Mohammad Khalid. 

Even judges have problems deciphering the meaning. During a judgment on November 21 last year, additional sessions judge, Bhiwani, M M Dhonchak had directed the superintendent of police, to ensure that the practice of using Urdu words should be abandoned and instead Hindi or English should be used. 

"The reply to the bail application (of the case) contains several words of Urdu and other languages with which this court is not conversant and it was with great difficulty that this court could apprehend the contents ... time and again this court has expressed its displeasure over this irresponsible attitude of the police," the judge had said. 

"Police have been writing words even without knowing their meaning. Even lawyers lawyers failed to understand what they meant during questioning in courts," then DGP had said in his communication in 2005. 

The present Haryana DGP R S Dalal, however, feels use of such words can continue. "Many such words have become part of our daily conversation. Largely, open-minded people of the state welcome all languages and cultures," Dalal told TOI. 

"We should not be too rigid on the use of pure Hindi in place of Urdu, which has become a part of common vocabulary in many cases. However, the language should not be overtly technical. Most policed stations now provide FIRs in computerised formats and in Hindi. This has been appreciated by many courts," said Haryana home secretary, Samir Mathur. 

Hard Jargon 

Tameel: Execution 
Aala-e-katal: Murder weapon 
Taftish: Investigation 
Daryaft: Plea 
Hasab jabta: As per law 
Missal: File 
Tarmeem: Amendment 
Ishtgassa: Petition 


(With inputs from Ajay Sura, Bhaskar Mukherjee and Pradeep Rai )


source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / Home> City> Chandigarh / by Sukhbir Siwach and Hina Rohatki / TNN / February 05th, 2012